12. Fourth Example: Hearts
Here is the hoary old game of Hearts, written for UNIX systems by Bob Ankeney sometime in the '80's, revised in 1992 by Mike Yang, and currently maintained by Jonathan Badger. Its predecessor was an even older Pascal program by Don Backus of Oregon Software, later updated by Jeff Hemmerling. Originally intended as a multiplayer client, it also works well in single-player mode against computer opponents. The graphics are nice, though the game lacks sophisticated features and the computer players are not particularly strong. All the same, it seems to be the only decent Hearts game available for UNIX and Linux machines even at this late date.
Due to its age and lineage, this package is particularly difficult to build on a Linux system. It requires solving a long and perplexing series of puzzles. It is an exercise in patience and determination.
Before beginning, make certain that you have either the motif or
lesstif libraries installed.
xmkmf
make
client.c: In function `read_card':
client.c:430: `_tty' undeclared (first use in this function)
client.c:430: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
client.c:430: for each function it appears in.)
client.c: In function `scan':
client.c:685: `_tty' undeclared (first use in this function)
make: *** [client.o] Error 1
These are the culprits in the file client.c:
#ifndef SYSV
(buf[2] != _tty.sg_erase) && (buf[2] != _tty.sg_kill)) {
#else
(buf[2] != CERASE) && (buf[2] != CKILL)) {
#endif
In client.c, add
#define SYSV
make
client.c:41: sys/termio.h: No such file or directory
make: *** [client.o] Error 1
The include file termio.h is in the /usr/include
directory on a Linux system, rather than the /usr/include/sys
one, as was the case on older UNIX machines. Therefore, change line 41
of client.c from
#include <sys/termio.h>
#include <termio.h>
make
gcc -o hearts -g -L/usr/X11R6/lib client.o hearts.o select.o connect.o
sockio.o start_dist.o -lcurses -ltermlib
/usr/bin/ld: cannot open -ltermlib: No such file or directory
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [hearts] Error 1
Modern Linux distributions use the terminfo and/or termcap database, rather than the obsolete termlib one.
Edit the Makefile.
Line 655:
CURSES_LIBRARIES = -lcurses -ltermlib
changes to:
CURSES_LIBRARIES = -lcurses -ltermcap
make
gcc -o xmhearts -g -L/usr/X11R6/lib xmclient.o hearts.o select.o
connect.o sockio.o start_dist.o gfx.o -lXm_s -lXt -lSM -lICE -lXext -lX11
-lPW
/usr/bin/ld: cannot open -lXm_s: No such file or directory
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
The main lesstif library is libXm, rather than
libXm_s. Therefore, edit the Makefile.
In line 653:
XMLIB = -lXm_s $(XTOOLLIB) $(XLIB) -lPW
changes to:
XMLIB = -lXm $(XTOOLLIB) $(XLIB) -lPW
make
gcc -o xmhearts -g -L/usr/X11R6/lib xmclient.o hearts.o select.o
connect.o sockio.o start_dist.o gfx.o -lXm -lXt -lSM -lICE -lXext -lX11 -lPW
/usr/bin/ld: cannot open -lPW: No such file or directory
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [xmhearts] Error 1
Round up the usual suspects.
There is no PW library. Edit the Makefile.
Line 653:
XMLIB = -lXm $(XTOOLLIB) $(XLIB) -lPW
changes to:
XMLIB = -lXm $(XTOOLLIB) $(XLIB) -lPEX5
PEX5 lib comes closest to PW.)
make
rm -f xmhearts
gcc -o xmhearts -g -L/usr/X11R6/lib xmclient.o hearts.o select.o
connect.o sockio.o start_dist.o gfx.o -lXm -lXt -lSM -lICE -lXext -lX11 -lPEX5
The make finally works (hurray!).
Installation:
As root,
[root@localhost hearts]# make install
install -c -s hearts /usr/X11R6/bin/hearts
install -c -s xmhearts /usr/X11R6/bin/xmhearts
install -c -s xawhearts /usr/X11R6/bin/xawhearts
install in . done
Test run:
rehash
(We're running the tcsh shell.)
xmhearts
localhost:~/% xmhearts
Can't invoke distributor!
From README file in the hearts package:
Put heartsd, hearts_dist, and hearts.instr in the HEARTSLIB
directory defined in local.h and make them world-accessible.
From the file local.h:
/* where the distributor, dealer and instructions live */
#define HEARTSLIB "/usr/local/lib/hearts"
This is a classic case of RTFM.
As root,
cd /usr/local/lib
mkdir hearts
cd !$
Copy the distributor files to this directory.
cp /home/username/hearts/heartsd .
cp /home/username/hearts/hearts_dist .
cp /home/username/hearts/hearts.instr .
Try another test run.
xmhearts
It works some of the time, but more often than not crashes with a
dealer died! message.
The "distributor" and "dealer" scan the hardware ports. We should thus suspect that those programs need root user privileges.
Try, as root,
chmod u+s /usr/local/lib/heartsd
chmod u+s /usr/local/lib/hearts_dist
(Note that, as previously discussed, suid binaries may create security holes.)
xmhearts
It finally works!
Hearts is available from
Sunsite.
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