| GNU/Linux Post-Installation Checklist: Defying Murphy's Laws | ||
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3. Shell script
The shell script (shivalik Ver. 1.0) is a convenient way to make backups of essential files and information. After downloading the script:
Make sure that you have logged in as "root"
Save the script in a directory with "root" permissions, say /root/myscript
Change to that directory i.e. cd /root/myscript use gunzip to unzip the script i.e gunzip ./shivalik.gz
IMPORTANT: You must read the warning given at the end of the script. Proceed with the next steps, only if you agree to the conditions specified in the warning...
To execute the script: You must make the script executable (by root only) chmod 700 ./shivalik
Verify that the paths of the various files which are to be saved, are correct and conform to your installation.
You can execute the script correctly only if you are "root" (many of the files being saved need root permissions).
Now you can execute (run) the above script (remember you must be "root", to do this) -- type ./shivalik
The script is profusely documented. It does not modify (or delete) any of your files or directories. It creates a well-protected backup of some essential files and information. The entire script is available for you to browse and understand its working. Feel free to go through the script and add any additional features, or files which you wish to be backed up. You may also send your feedback to the author of this script (<algolog@hd1.vsnl.net.in>).
Remember, the shivalik script is not a tool for complete backup and recovery. Ideally, the best thing to do would be to make a verbatim copy of your entire Linux installation along with all files and directories. This is not always possible, necessary, or advisable. The next best thing would be to take a backup of the most essential information and files. The shivalik script achieves this for you. The script creates a directory called /root/postinfo/, and stores all essential information (and files) there. To be absolutely prepared for any eventuality, you must copy the entire /root/postinfo/ on a removable medium, as soon as the script is executed.
Recovery and Repair: In the event of any problems later, you can reconstruct the damaged files by copying the files you have backed up in the /root/postinfo/ directory. It is as simple as that.
The structure of the /root/postinfo/ directory, and files found within, will be as follows:
- /root/postinfo/summary
Contains a summary report of the status of your system (memory, partitions, mount points, disk usage). This file also has the list of files which have been saved. It also contains admin info like date and time of backup, shivalik version number etc.
- /root/postinfo/postinfo.tar.gz
Contains a copy of the earlier postinfo (if any). This is a fall back to a fall back!
- /root/postinfo/snapshot.gz
Contains a gzipped structured listing of ALL files and directories of your Linux system (the directories "tree"). You can unzip this file and use any plain text editor to know the location of any file. Of course, you cannot retrieve the contents of that file unless you had saved it explicitly elsewhere.
- /root/postinfo/shivalik
This is a copy of the shivalik script which was used for making the post install backup. At the time of recovery after an incident, you can always examine this script to know how the backup was done earlier. You will always have a consistent copy of the script and the files created by the script.
- /root/postinfo/etcfiles/
This subdirectory contains a copy of many essential files from the /etc/ directory of your Linux installation. It also contains copies of the various configuration files stored in the /etc/ directory.
- /root/postinfo/otherfiles/
This subdirectory contains a copy of some essential files (those which are not in the /etc/ directory) of your Linux installation. If you want, you can add any other files here, and get it saved automatically with others.
3.1. The script...
#----------------------------------------------- # shivalik \(Ver. 1.0\) #Please read the WARNING section of this script first #This script collects post installation information #this can also be run occasionally to collect all useful #information about your Linux installation, in one place #The output will be written to /root/postinfo/ #a summary report will be written in /root/postinfo/summary #For usage and related information, please consult: #http://algolog.tripod.com/postlnx.htm # ---------------------------------------------- clear echo echo "-----------------------------------------------------------" echo This is the output of Partha\'s shivalik script \(Ver.1.0\) echo You must be \"root\", for this script to work correctly echo You must also read and accept the terms and warnings given echo in the WARNINGS section of this script echo "-----------------------------------------------------------" echo echo "### STEP 0 ### Preparation work" echo First we create the /root/postinfo/ directory if does not exist already test ! -d /root/postinfo && mkdir /root/postinfo echo Saving current version of all postinfo files echo But first we delete the earlier version i.e. current-1 version test -e /root/postinfo/oldpostinfo* && rm /root/postinfo/oldpostinfo.tar.gz #the oldpostinfo file is made temporarily in /root #it will be moved to /root/postinfo tar -zcvf /root/oldpostinfo.tar.gz /root/postinfo/* #check if above tar succeeded if test -s /root/oldpostinfo.tar.gz then echo old postinfo saved in /root/oldpostinfo.tar.gz ls -l /root/oldpostinfo* else echo Could not save oldpostinfo echo Abandoning shivalik script exit fi #now delete all the current postinfofiles rm -rf /root/postinfo/* #and start a new summary file echo shivalik \(Ver. 1.0\) > /root/postinfo/summary echo -n "Report created on: " >> /root/postinfo/summary date -R >> /root/postinfo/summary echo And now, move the oldpostinfo file to /root/postinfo/ directory mv /root/oldpostinfo.tar.gz /root/postinfo # #copy the shivalik script echo charity begins at home echo We make a copy of the shivalik script echo We make a copy of the shivalik script >> /root/postinfo/summary echo in /root/postinfo/ >> /root/postinfo/summary cp ./shivalik /root/postinfo/shivalik #taking stock echo echo Contents of /root/postinfo at the end of STEP-0 ls -AlR /root/postinfo echo End of "### STEP 0 ### echo # # echo echo "### STEP 1 ### Make a snapshot of the system" echo >> /root/postinfo/summary echo "### STEP 1 ### A snapshot of all the files and directories" >> /root/postinfo/summary echo The first step is to take stock of your computer contents echo This is going to take several minutes echo So, go and fetch your coffee mug ! ls -AlRH / >> /root/postinfo/snapshot rm -f /root/postinfo/snapshot.gz gzip /root/postinfo/snapshot echo snapshot created echo An exhaustive listing of all files has been made and >> /root/postinfo/summary echo stored in /root/postinfo/snapshot.gz >> /root/postinfo/summary ls -l /root/postinfo/snapshot.gz >> /root/postinfo/summary # taking stock at the end of this step echo echo Contents of /root/postinfo at the end of this STEP ls -l /root/postinfo echo End of "### STEP 1 ### echo # # echo echo "### STEP 2 ### Vital statistics" echo >> /root/postinfo/summary echo "### STEP 2 ### Vital statistics" >> /root/postinfo/summary echo Collecting vital statistics echo .....about memory echo "---- cat /proc/meminfo ---------" >> /root/postinfo/summary cat /proc/meminfo >> /root/postinfo/summary echo .....about partitions and mountpoints echo "---- cat /proc/partitions---------" >> /root/postinfo/summary cat /proc/partitions >> /root/postinfo/summary echo .....about diskspace used echo "---- df ---------" >> /root/postinfo/summary df >> /root/postinfo/summary echo .....about modules echo "---- cat /proc/modules ---------" >> /root/postinfo/summary cat /proc/modules >> /root/postinfo/summary # taking stock at the end of this step echo echo Contents of /root/postinfo at the end of STEP-2 ls -AlR /root/postinfo echo End of "### STEP 2 ### echo # # echo echo "### STEP 3 ### Now we save some important files from /etc " echo This section may need some customising, depending on the echo installation you have done, and the distribution you have used, echo and the options you have chosen during installation. echo >> /root/postinfo/summary echo "### STEP 3 ### Now we save some important files from /etc" >> /root/postinfo/summary test ! -d /root/postinfo/etcfiles && mkdir /root/postinfo/etcfiles echo ..... saving XF86Config -- your XWindows config file cp /etc/XF86Config /root/postinfo/etcfiles echo "cp /etc/XF86Config /root/postinfo/" >> /root/postinfo/summary echo ..... saving /etc/fstab file cp /etc/fstab /root/postinfo/etcfiles echo "cp /etc/fstab /root/postinfo/" >> /root/postinfo/summary echo ..... saving /etc/profile file cp /etc/profile /root/postinfo/etcfiles echo "cp /etc/profile /root/postinfo/" >> /root/postinfo/summary echo ..... saving /etc/profile.local file cp /etc/profile.local /root/postinfo/etcfiles echo "cp /etc/profile.local /root/postinfo/" >> /root/postinfo/summary echo ".... saving /etc/*conf files" cp /etc/*conf /root/postinfo/etcfiles echo ".... saving /etc/*config files" cp /etc/*config /root/postinfo/etcfiles echo the following files from /etc have been copied to /root/postinfo/etcfiles >> /root/postinfo/summary echo "/etc/*conf" >> /root/postinfo/summary echo "/etc/*config" >> /root/postinfo/summary # taking stock at the end of this step echo echo Contents of /root/postinfo at the end of this STEP-3 ls -AlR /root/postinfo echo End of "### STEP 3 ### echo # # echo echo "### STEP 4 ### Now we save some other important files" echo This section may need some customising, depending on the echo installation you have done, and the distribution you have used, echo and the options you have chosen for the installation echo The following stuff is designed for SuSe 7.1 echo "### STEP 4 ### Now we save some other important files" >> /root/postinfo/summary echo in /root/postinfo/otherfiles >> /root/postinfo/summary echo You can add any other files to backed up, here test ! -d /root/postinfo/otherfiles && mkdir /root/postinfo/otherfiles ls -l /root/postinfo/ echo ..... saving /etc/init.d/boot.local -- cp /etc/init.d/boot.local /root/postinfo/otherfiles echo "cp /etc/init.d/boot.local /root/postinfo/otherfiles" >> /root/postinfo/summary echo ..... saving /etc/init.d/halt.local -- cp /etc/init.d/halt.local /root/postinfo/otherfiles echo "cp /etc/init.d/halt.local /root/postinfo/otherfiles" >> /root/postinfo/summary # taking stock at the end of this step echo echo Contents of /root/postinfo at the end of this STEP-4 ls -AlR /root/postinfo echo End of "### STEP 4 ### echo echo echo "### STEP 999 ### Wrap up, clean up" echo >> /root/postinfo/summary echo "### STEP 999 ### Wrap up, clean up, sum up" >> /root/postinfo/summary echo summing up, cleaning up # for security reasons we make /root/postinfo inaccessible to # and invisible to non-root chmod 700 /root/postinfo chmod 700 /root/postinfo/etcfiles chmod 700 /root/postinfo/otherfiles chmod 700 /root/postinfo/* chmod 700 /root/postinfo/etcfiles/* chmod 700 /root/postinfo/otherfiles/* echo This is the contents of /root/postinfo >> /root/postinfo/summary ls -AlR /root/postinfo >> /root/postinfo/summary echo "###### THE END #####" >> /root/postinfo/summary # taking stock at the end of this step echo echo Contents of /root/postinfo at the end of this STEP-999 ls -AlR /root/postinfo echo End of "### STEP 999 ###" echo echo "###### THE END #####" echo IMPORTANT: You must now copy all the files in /root/postinfo echo to a safe location, preferably on a different drive or on echo a removable backup medium. echo " " echo You will find a summary report of this procedure, in echo /root/postinfo/summary echo You will find the earlier version of summary \(if any\) echo inside /root/postinfo/oldpostinfo.tar.gz echo " " # echo " #--------------------------------------------------------- # WARNING WARNING WARNING # shivalik (ver. 1.0) # This script is being made accessible to you without any # warranties or assurances about its performance or # usability for any purpose. Be informed that you are using # this script out of your own initiative and willingness, # and at your own risk and peril. # You will find the latest version of this script, and related # information at: http://algolog.tripod.com/postlnx.htm # Copyrights and all rights reserved by: # Dr. S. Parthasarathy (algolog@hd1.vsnl.net.in) #-------------------------------------------------------- " |