5. News
5.1 How do I set up an online news-reader?
As long as PPP is active, it will be possible to read news online. There are lots of available programs, two simple alternatives being rtin and trn.
To start reading news, the only thing required in terms of configuration in most cases is to set NNTPSERVER (usually once and for all in the file .profile):
export NNTPSERVER=news.acme.xz
To get the From-address correct in postings, some programs may require:
export NNTP_INEWS_DOMAIN=acme.xz
5.2 How do I set up an offline news-reader?
To be able to read news while offline and thus reduce phone bills and give greater flexibility, one must set up a local news-spool of one sort or the other. This requires some configuration, and there will also be a certain amount of disk space involved. After initial setup, things should run more or less by themselves, with only some attention needed from time to time.
Two different solutions will be described here.
5.3 How do I set up C News?
The solution described here is based on the news-server C News and the NNTP protocol. C News was originally targeted towards another sort of configuration, but is flexible enough to handle our situation too. One might also use the more recent INN news server but it might require a bit more in terms of resources. Either way, be careful not to install both; they don't live together easily.
It is crucial that all maintenance of news is done while logged
in as user news, and that all configuration
files is placed in
/usr/lib/news. One way of handling this is, while
logged in as root to write su news;
cd.
The most important files in the configuration are:
-
active is an overview
over active newsgroups. It is updated as required by the command
addgroup, e.g.
addgroup comp.os.linux.networking y. - organization should simply contain whatever you want in the Organization: header field, in our case:
Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency
-
mailname should in our
case be set to
acme.xz. -
whoami is set to the name
of your
sitein the Path: thread. In a setup as described here, using newsx, this name will never leave the machine, so you can set this to whatever you like as long as you are pretty sure it is unique. In this caseroderick. - The file
sys controls
fetching and further distribution of news. We will assume the
ISP in our case adds
acme.xzto the Path, and that this is the only news source we have. The example given really tells that we will accept everything that arrives, and that we will only post news toacme.xzthat it hasn't seen before, and is originally posted at our own site. In this simplified setup we assume that the all groups will come from a single source./allspecifies the distribution, and must be included. The letterFsays that (pointers to) outgoing news articles will be collected in a file.
ME:all/all::
acme/acme.xz:all,!junk/all:FL:
- A subdirectory for the outgoing news must be created, in our case:
mkdir /var/spool/news/out.going/acme
- mailpaths controls posting in moderated groups, although this task may usually be left to the ISP.
C News needs a certain degree of daily maintenance, but this can
be specified once and for all via the command crontab -e
issued as user news. A suggested
setup follows; it can be tuned as required:
# maintain incoming and outgoing batches
10,40 * * * * /usr/lib/newsbin/input/newsrun
# expire C News, once a day
30 0 * * * /usr/lib/newsbin/expire/doexpire
# monitor and report if needed
00 2 * * sat /usr/lib/newsbin/maint/addmissing
40 3 * * * /usr/lib/newsbin/maint/newswatch
50 3 * * * /usr/lib/newsbin/maint/newsdaily
One should also ensure that things are cleaned up when starting the machine. As user root, add the following line to /etc/rc.d/rc.local:
su news -c /usr/lib/newsbin/maint/newsboot
ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/news/transport/newsx-0.9.tar.gz
Or:
ftp://ftp.sol.no/user/egilk/newsx-0.9.tar.gz
Setting up NewsX is quite simple.
Installation is a classic case of:
make
su
make install
exit
With the setup outlined here, all you have to do is to create the groups you want to read using the addgroup command.
To fetch articles, user news issues the
following commands (assuming communication via PPP or similar is
up):
newsrun
newsx acme news.acme.xz
newsrun
The option -d gives continuous printout to the screen.
Refer to the NewsX documentation for further information.
NewsX will also take care of posting of outgoing news.
To control disposal of articles as they get old, a file
explist is required. The comments in this
example should explain what we want to do:
# hold onto history lines 14 days, nobody gets >120 days
/expired/ x 14 -
/bounds/ x 0-1-120 -
# retain these for 2 months
comp.sources,comp.os.linux.all x 60 -
# noise gets thrown away fast
junk,control x 2 -
# default: 14 days, no archive
all x 14 -
ALT: In a small news-spool, one will usually not need
the newsgroup control. The traffic is huge
compared to the possible usefulness. The main point is that
articles will be canceled, and that groups may be created
automatically. To ensure that control messages containing
newgroup not shall mess up things for us, a file called
newgroupperm specifies
what we will allow:
comp.os.linux tale@uunet.com yv
all any nq
news will be notified (v).
Everything else will be silently (q) ignored (n). The last line
is sufficient if you want to create all groups manually.
ALT: An alternative to NewsX is suck.
5.4 How do I set up Leafnode?
A different solution altogether is to install the integrated package leafnode. This will handle all tasks required for a personal news spool, and is easy to configure. It is available via:
http://www.troll.no/freebies/leafnode.html
As for C News, all news maintenance really should be performed as
user news.
The home directory for leafnode is in /usr/lib/leafnode. To install, write:
cd /usr/lib/leafnode
tar -xzvf leafnode-0.8.tgz
cd leafnode-0.8
make
su
make install
Note in the following that the prefix /usr/local/sbin should be replaced with /usr/sbin if you installed leafnode from a package.
While still being logged in as root, change the line
that controls NNTP in
/etc/inetd.conf:
nntp stream tcp nowait news /usr/sbin/tcpd /usr/local/sbin/leafnode
killall -HUP inetd
Return to user news by writing exit. In
/usr/lib/leafnode/config change the line that
defines the NNTP server. In our case:
server = news.acme.xz
Leafnode will look after itself by adding the following command
via crontab -e as user news:
# expire Leafnode, once a day
0 4 * * * /usr/local/sbin/texpire
News exchange is also done as user news by the following
command (assuming PPP is up and running):
/usr/local/sbin/fetch
Users who wants to read news should then use the recipe in How do I set up an online news-reader?, except that they configure for the local machine, i.e:
export NNTPSERVER=localhost
That should be all there is to it. The first
fetch will transfer a list of available
newsgroups. Leafnode will then monitor what groups the users are
requesting, and adapt to this the next time it is
activated.
Note that leafnode does not seems to work in cases where NNTP authorization is required. +.LP
ALT: An alternative to leafnode is nntpcache, available from:
ftp://ftp.suburbia.net/pub/nntpcache/nntpcache.tgz
ALT: Another alternative is to use the newsreader
slrn together with the
slrn-pull package. The newsreader must
be compiled with the spool feature set.
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