19. Tools and Widget Libraries
Now that you have seen the capabilities of ncurses and its sister libraries, you are rolling your sleeves up and gearing for a project that heavily manipulates screen. But wait.. It can be pretty difficult to write and maintain complex GUI widgets in plain ncurses or even with the additional libraries. There are some ready-to-use tools and widget libraries that can be used instead of writing your own widgets. You can use some of them, get ideas from the code, or even extend them.
19.1. CDK (Curses Development Kit)
In the author's words
CDK stands for 'Curses Development Kit' and it currently contains 21 ready to use widgets which facilitate the speedy development of full screen curses programs.
The kit provides some useful widgets, which can be used in your programs directly. It's pretty well written and the documentation is very good. The examples in the examples directory can be a good place to start for beginners. The CDK can be downloaded from http://invisible-island.net/cdk/ . Follow the instructions in README file to install it.
19.1.1. Widget List
The following is the list of widgets provided with cdk and their description.
Widget Type Quick Description
===========================================================================
Alphalist Allows a user to select from a list of words, with
the ability to narrow the search list by typing in a
few characters of the desired word.
Buttonbox This creates a multiple button widget.
Calendar Creates a little simple calendar widget.
Dialog Prompts the user with a message, and the user
can pick an answer from the buttons provided.
Entry Allows the user to enter various types of information.
File Selector A file selector built from Cdk base widgets. This
example shows how to create more complicated widgets
using the Cdk widget library.
Graph Draws a graph.
Histogram Draws a histogram.
Item List Creates a pop up field which allows the user to select
one of several choices in a small field. Very useful
for things like days of the week or month names.
Label Displays messages in a pop up box, or the label can be
considered part of the screen.
Marquee Displays a message in a scrolling marquee.
Matrix Creates a complex matrix with lots of options.
Menu Creates a pull-down menu interface.
Multiple Line Entry A multiple line entry field. Very useful
for long fields. (like a description
field)
Radio List Creates a radio button list.
Scale Creates a numeric scale. Used for allowing a user to
pick a numeric value and restrict them to a range of
values.
Scrolling List Creates a scrolling list/menu list.
Scrolling Window Creates a scrolling log file viewer. Can add
information into the window while its running.
A good widget for displaying the progress of
something. (akin to a console window)
Selection List Creates a multiple option selection list.
Slider Akin to the scale widget, this widget provides a
visual slide bar to represent the numeric value.
Template Creates a entry field with character sensitive
positions. Used for pre-formatted fields like
dates and phone numbers.
Viewer This is a file/information viewer. Very useful
when you need to display loads of information.
=========================================================================== |
A few of the widgets are modified by Thomas Dickey in recent versions.
19.1.2. Some Attractive Features
Apart from making our life easier with readily usable widgets, cdk solves one frustrating problem with printing multi colored strings, justified strings elegantly. Special formatting tags can be embedded in the strings which are passed to CDK functions. For Example
If the string
"</B/1>This line should have a yellow foreground and a blue background.<!1>" |
given as a parameter to newCDKLabel(), it prints the line with yellow foreground and blue background. There are other tags available for justifying string, embedding special drawing characters etc.. Please refer to the man page cdk_display(3X) for details. The man page explains the usage with nice examples.
19.2. The dialog
Long long ago, in September 1994, when few people knew linux, Jeff Tranter wrote an article on dialog in Linux Journal. He starts the article with these words..
Linux is based on the Unix operating system, but also features a number of unique and useful kernel features and application programs that often go beyond what is available under Unix. One little-known gem is "dialog", a utility for creating professional-looking dialog boxes from within shell scripts. This article presents a tutorial introduction to the dialog utility, and shows examples of how and where it can be used
As he explains, dialog is a real gem in making professional-looking dialog boxes with ease. It creates a variety of dialog boxes, menus, check lists etc.. It is usually installed by default. If not, you can download it from Thomas Dickey's site.
The above-mentioned article gives a very good overview of its uses and capabilites. The man page has more details. It can be used in variety of situations. One good example is building of linux kernel in text mode. Linux kernel uses a modified version of dialog tailored for its needs.
dialog was initially designed to be used with shell scripts. If you want to use its functionality in a c program, then you can use libdialog. The documentation regarding this is sparse. Definitive reference is the dialog.h header file which comes with the library. You may need to hack here and there to get the required output. The source is easily customizable. I have used it on a number of occasions by modifying the code.
19.3. Perl Curses Modules CURSES::FORM and CURSES::WIDGETS
The perl module Curses, Curses::Form and Curses::Widgets give access to curses from perl. If you have curses and basic perl is installed, you can get these modules from CPAN All Modules page. Get the three zipped modules in the Curses category. Once installed you can use these modules from perl scripts like any other module. For more information on perl modules see perlmod man page. The above modules come with good documentation and they have some demo scripts to test the functionality. Though the widgets provided are very rudimentary, these modules provide good access to curses library from perl.
Some of my code examples are converted to perl by Anuradha Ratnaweera and they are available in the perl directory.
For more information see man pages Curses(3) , Curses::Form(3) and Curses::Widgets(3). These pages are installed only when the above modules are acquired and installed.