HELLENIC HOWTO

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To Linux eivai ousiastika movo o purnvas tou Leitourgikou sustnmatos, kai 3ekivnse to 1990 apo evav fivlavdo foitntn tov Linus Torvalds, sav omadikn peiramatikn idea stov tote kaivourio 386. Ta upoloipa ta gvwrizete...

9.2 Ti logous exw gia va egkatastnsw to Linux;

Eav 8elete eva a3iopisto leitourgiko sustnma, me kaln apodosn, xwris kollnmata kai pln8wra efarmogwv kai dev fobaste eva kaivourio periballov ergasias, tote to Linux eivai gia esas. Mporeite px me ?.000drx va to agorasete se 6 CD, mazi me tis polles efarmoges tou, n va dwsete kati parapavw gia va parete mia eukoln sto stnsimo diavomn mazi me egxeiridio xrnsns.

To Linux eivai eva ka8ara 32bit Leitourgiko Sustnma, me poluepe3ergastikes (multitasking) duvatotntes. Stnv pra3n auto snmaivei, oti mporeite va trexete polles efarmoges tautoxrova, xwris kivduvo va "kremasei" o upologistns. To Linux exei:

kalutern a3iopoinsn tou sustnmatos apo to DOS, Win 3.x
kalutero multitasking apo ta Windows 95,
kalutern apodosn apo ta Windows NT,
polles efarmoges se sugkrisn me to OS/2.

To Linux ws gvnsio Unix, exei eggevws ulopoinmevo to TCP/IP, to prwtokollo tou Internet. Eivai katallnlo gia diktuakes efarmoges, kai mporei va douleyei me a3iopistia ws dromologntns n proxy. Exei POSIX compliance kai upostnrizei TCP/IP & SPX/IPX, SNMP & RIP, NCP, SMB. Ws server eivai polu duvato se oles autes tis periptwseis: file server, printer server, web server, ftp server, news server, mail (pop) server. Mporei va avtikatastnsei eva sustnma me Windows NT n Novell Netware DIAFANA gia tous clients. To Linux eivai suvufasmevo me to GNU project tns Free Software Foundation (FSF). To GNU ekfrazei mia filosofia suvergasias, opou kapoios pou grafei eva programma to dia8etei se olous aveu amoibns. Apotelesma autou eivai n eleu8ern avtigrafn tou, kai oti eivai dwreav. Stnv periptwsn twv CD, plnrwvei kaveis movo to kostos tous.

9.3 Pws mporw va ma8w ta basika gia to Linux;

Polu ektevns avalusn, ka8ws kai kala epilegmevo didaktiko uliko, sta agglika, uparxei edw: http://basiclinux.hypermart.net/basic/index.html#lessons.

9.4 Sumbatotnta;

Kat' arxnv to Linux diabazei ola ta fileystems twv allwv leitourgikwv (FAT, VFAT, FAT32, NTFS, HPFS, HFS, ISO9660, Rock-Ridge, Joliet, UFS klp).

To DOSEMU 8a sas epitreyei va tre3ete efarmoges tou DOS pou trexouv se eikovikes mnxaves upo tov elegxo tou purnva (vm86). Douleuei polu a3iopista kai diati8etai dwreav opws to Linux.
To WABI 8a sas epitreyei va tre3ete 16bit efarmoges twv WIN3.11, alla stoixizei 199$
To WINE kavei tnv idia douleia dwreav, alla oxi toso kala. Teleutaia (1999) deixvei sobara snmadia wrimavsns.
To Executor mporei va tre3ei efarmoges gia Macintosh.

Oi pio polloi evdiaferovtai gia va mporouv va diabazouv arxeia doc pou proerxovtai apo Office kai uparxei gia autous to StarOffice 5.1, pou diabazei mexri kai Word 97 keimeva. Eav apo8nkeuate ta dedomeva sas xrnsimopoiwvtas avoixta protupa (txt, dbf, html, rtf), 8a breite toulaxistov eva ergaleio gia va douleyete me auta, eav oxi...

9.5 Ti SOFTWARE upostnrizetai;

Praktika ta pavta, arkei va milame gia avoikta kai diadedomeva protupa kai prwtokolla: sxedov pote dev eiste o prwtos pou exei eva sugkekrimevo problnma kai kapoios allos to exei lusei gia esas.

To metalab eivai to kat' e3oxnv snmeio gia va brei kaveis programmata gurw apo to avtikeimevo pou tov evdiaferei, deite http://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/

To Linux Software Map (LSM) exei olo to uparxov logismiko. Mporeite va kavete kai avazntnsn me le3eis kleidia. http://www.boutell.com/lsm/

Episns polu dnmofileis eivai kai oi selides tou Bill Latura: http://www.xnet.com/~blatura/linapps.shtml

9.6 Ti eivai to compile tou purnva;

Sto Linux tov purnva mporei kaveis va tov ftia3ei o idios, me mia diadikasia pou legetai compile. Av kai eivai duvatov va douleyei kapoios me evav etoimo, eivai kaln idea va ftia3ei evav purnva prosarmosmevo sto sustnma tou, idiaitera eav 8elei e3eidikeumeves duvatotntes. H diadikasia suvistatai idiaitera se autous pou 8elouv va mple3ouv me ta evdotera tou leitourgikou sustnmatos.

Oi evtoles pou xreiazovtai gia eva tupiko compile eivai (ta # eivai sxolia):

cd /usr/src/linux
make config      # n make menuconfig n make xconfig, exei kai help.
make dep
make clean
make zImage  # meta apo auto, uparxei o purnvas sto /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/zImage
make modules # Ta modules ftiaxvovtai priv arxisei n diadikasia egkatastasns
make modules_install # Egkatastasn twv modules sto /lib
make install # prosoxn va uparxouv oi swstes ru8miseis sto /etc/lilo.conf

H teleutaia evtoln eivai autn pou 8a stnsei tov purnva (suvn8ws sto /vmlinuz), suvdeovtas tov me tov boot loader LILO. Eva reboot, 8a balei tov veo purnva se xrnsn... (molis brnkate tov movadiko logo pou kavei kaveis reboot me linux).

9.7 Ti eivai auto to SIG11;

To SIG11 eivai ousiastika eva sfalma prostasias (Protection Fault). Eivai arketa pi8avo va sumbei tnv wra pou ftiaxvoume purnva kai n aitia eivai oti to sustnma ekeivn tnv wra zorizetai - DIABASTE: Polla SIG11 snmaivouv kako uliko n problnmata sumbatotntas me tnv mvnmn,tov epe3ergastn, tnv mntrikn. Gia perissoteres plnrofories, deite: http://www.bitwizard.nl/sig11/

9.8 Uparxouv alla eleu8era Unix;

Sto xwro tou Unix exoume ta e3ns eleu8erns xrnsns leitourgika:

Linux
GNU Hurd
FreeBSD
NetBSD
OpenBSD

Apo ola auta movo to FreeBSD exei praktikn a3ia, eivai idiaitera gvwsto gia tnv sta8erotnta tou kai tnv apodosn tou se sustnmata e3upnretwv me evtovn xrnsn (px ftp.cdrom.com). Eivai par' ola auta pio dusxrnsto apo to Linux, kai dev exei tetoia pln8wra logismikou. Teleutaia, trexei ta pio polla programmata tou Linux me e3omoiwsn. Eav 8elete va peiramatisteite me tupou BSD UNIX, a3izei va asxoln8eite mazi tou.

9.9 Basikn orologia

i18n: I{-- 18 letters --}n = Internationalization
e13n: Europeanization
l10n: Localization
ANSI: American National Standards Institute, the US member of ISO
ASCII: American Standard Code of Information Interchange
CP: Code Page
CP850: Code Page 850, the most widely used MS DOS code page
CR: Carriage Return
CTAN server: Comprehensive TeX Archive Network, the world's largest repository for TeX related material. It consists of three sites mirrowing each other: ftp.shsu.edu, ftp.tex.ac.uk, ftp.dante.de. The current configuration, including known mirrows, can be obtained by fingering ctan_us@ftp.shsu.edu
DEC: Digital Equipment Corp.
DIN: Deutsche Industrie Norm (German Industry Norm)
DOS: Disk Operating System
EBCDIC: Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code ---a proprietary IBM character set used on mainframes
ECMA: European Computer Manufacturer's Association
emacs: Editing Macros, a family of popular text editors
Esperanto: A synthetic, universal language developed by Dr. Zamenhof in 1887.
FSF: Free Software Foundation
FTP: File Transmission Protocol
GNU: GNU's not Unix, an FSF project
GPL: General Public License
IBM: International Business Machines Corp.
IP: Internet Protocol
ISO: International Standards Organization
KOI8: ???---a popular encoding for Cyrillic on UNIX workstations
LaTeX: A macro package for TeX
MCS: DEC's Multilingual Character Set---the ISO 8859--1 draft standard
MIME: Multi-Purpose Internet Mail Extension
OS: Operating System
POSIX: Portable Operating System Interface (an IEEE UNIX standard)
PS: PostScript, Adobe's printer language
RFC: Request for Comment, an Internet standard
sed: stream editor, a UNIX file manipulation utility
TCP: Transmission Control Protocol
TeX: Donald Knuth's typesetting program
URL: a WWW Uniform Resource Locator
US-ASCII: the US national variant of ISO 646, see ASCII
VMS: Virtual Memory System---DEC's proprietary OS
WWW: World Wide Web
X11: X Window System

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9. FAQ

9.1 Pws 3ekivnse to Linux;