9. Mathematical Formulas
They can appear with in the tags listed in table Places of Mathematical Formulas
|
tag | description | see |
| f | inline formula | The Formula Tag |
| dm | displayed formula | Mathematical Paragraph |
| eq | equation |
Mathematical Paragraph
|
If you view this document mapped to html you will notice that html has no nice way of displaying mathematical formulas.
After a little hand parsing the contents of a mathematical tag looks like:
<!element xx - -
(((fr|lim|ar|root) |
(pr|in|sum) |
(#pcdata|mc|(tu|phr)) |
(rf|v|fi) |
(unl|ovl|sup|inf))*)>
The
xx stands for f, dm or eq. All of them are the same.
- Note:
Because neither Netscape nor Microsoft has seen any need to add mathematical mappings to their browsers (like demanded and defined by w3c), there is no nice way of mapping, or at least displaying the math stuff in html. So if you view the online version, feel free to wonder what nonsense this man is telling here. Might be you should take a glance at the postscript version.
9.1 Fraction Tag
<!element fr - - (nu,de) > <!element nu o o ((%fbutxt;)*) > <!element de o o ((%fbutxt;)*) >
So what we see from it is, that a fraction consits of a numerator and a denumerator tag, wich again each one can hold a mathematical formula.
I think an example will tell you more:
<dm><fr><nu/7/<de/13/</fr></dm>
results to:
In case we want to to place 1/2 instead of the numerator without cleaning it up, we'll type:
<dm><fr><nu><fr><nu/1/<de/2/</fr></nu><de/13/</fr></dm>
Which results to:
9.2 Product, Integral and Summation Tag
<!element pr - - (ll,ul,opd?) > <!element in - - (ll,ul,opd?) > <!element sum - - (ll,ul,opd?) >
Each of them has a lower limit (ll tag),
a upper limit (ul tag) and a optional operand,
where each of them again may consist of a formula.
The tags are same in syntax like shown in table
Tags with upper-, lower limit and operator.
9.3 Limited Tag
<!element lim - - (op,ll,ul,opd?) > <!element op o o (%fcstxt;|rf|%fph;) -(tu) > <!element ll o o ((%fbutxt;)*) > <!element ul o o ((%fbutxt;)*) > <!element opd - o ((%fbutxt;)*) >
You can use that one for operators with upper and lower limits other than
products, sums or integrals. The for the other types defined operator is
destinied by the optag, wich can contain again a mathematical formula.
n
9.4 Array Tag
<!element ar - - (row, (arr, row)*) >
<!attlist ar
ca cdata #required >
<!element arr - o empty >
<!element arc - o empty >
<!entity arr "<arr>" >
<!entity arc "<arc>" >
Of course a reasonable mathematical document needs a way to describe arrays and matrices. The array (
ar) is noted down equivalent to a tabular (see
section
The Tabular Tag).
The differences in handling are:
- No
<hline>tag. - The
caattribute character|is not allowd. - Columns are not separated by
colseptag but with thearctag (array collumn). - Rows are not separated by
rowseptag but with thearrtag (array row).
| and @ are mapped to the adequate separator
tag, so you really can note a array same way as a tabular.
<dm><ar ca="clcr"> a+b+c | uv <arc> x-y | 27 @ a+b | u+v | z | 134 <arr> a | 3u+vw | xyz | 2,978 </ar></dm>
Is mapped to:
9.5 Root Tag
<!element root - - ((%fbutxt;)*) >
<!attlist root
n cdata "">
The root is noted down by the
root tag, wich contains a n
attribute, holding the value for the "n'th" root.
<dm><root n="3"/x+y/</dm>
is mapped to:
9.6 Figure Tag
<!element fi - o (#pcdata) >
With the figure tag you can place mathematical figures. The tagged characters are directly mapped to a mathematical figure. Which character is mapped to which figure you'll find in Mathematical Figures.
9.7 Realfont Tag
<!element rf - o (#pcdata) >
This tag is placing a real font within a mathematical formula.
I'm really not sure about rf. What should it be?
No formula is allowed within that tag.
<dm><rf/Binom:/ (a+b)<sup/2/=a<sup/2/+2ab+b<sup/2/</dm>
is mapped to:
9.8 Other Mathematical Tags
The remaining tags simply modify the tagged formula, without implying any other tag. The effect is shown in table Mathematical tags without included tags
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